Blockchain used to increase electric grid resiliency
Researchers at the Department of Energy’s Oak Ridge National Laboratory say they are using blockchain to validate communication among devices on the electric grid. The project is part of the ORNL-led Darknet initiative, funded by the DOE Office of Electricity, to secure the nation’s electricity infrastructure by shifting its communications to increasingly secure methods.
Cyber risks have increased with two-way communication between grid power electronics equipment and new edge devices ranging from solar panels to electric car chargers and intelligent home electronics. By providing a trust framework for communication among electrical devices, say the researchers, their approach is increasing the resilience of the electric grid.
The researchers developed a framework to detect unusual activity, including data manipulation, spoofing and illicit changes to device settings. These activities could trigger cascading power outages as breakers are tripped by protection devices.
“This framework gives us a totally new capability to rapidly respond to anomalies,” says Borges Hink, who leads the ORNL research team. “In the long run, we could more quickly identify an unauthorized system change, find its source and provide more trustworthy failure analysis. The goal is to limit the damage caused by a cyberattack or equipment failure.”
The approach uses tamper-resistant blockchain to spread configuration and operational data redundantly across multiple servers. The data and equipment settings are constantly verified against a statistical baseline of normal voltage, frequency, breaker status and power quality.
Equipment settings are collected at frequent intervals and compared to the last good configuration saved in the blockchain. This allows rapid recognition of when and how settings were changed, whether those changes were authorized, and what caused them.
“Our system helps determine in near real time whether a fault was triggered by a cyberattack or induced by natural events,” says Hink. “This is the first implementation of blockchain enabling this kind of data validation between a substation, a control center and metering infrastructure.”
This kind of monitoring, say the researchers, requires processing a vast amount of information. The blockchain uses a cryptographic method called hashing, where a mathematical computation is performed on the bulk data to represent it as numbers in the blockchain. This saves energy and reduces the space needed to store data. The blockchain processes thousands of transactions per second for each intelligent grid device, validating the contents.
The researchers demonstrated the framework in a test bed within the DOE’s Grid Research Integration and Deployment Center, or GRID-C, at ORNL. The advanced protection lab uses commercial-grade hardware in a closed electrical loop to mimic the architecture of a real substation. This provides a low-risk way to simulate cyberattacks or accidental misconfigurations. The team’s validation framework can detect both. Researchers say they are extending the approach to incorporate communications among renewable energy sources and multiple utilities.
If you enjoyed this article, you will like the following ones: don't miss them by subscribing to :
