Magnesium electrolyte sparks next generation battery design
University of Waterloo researchers have made a key breakthrough in developing next-generation batteries that are made using magnesium instead of lithium
When the idea to create batteries using magnesium was first shared in a seminal academic paper in 2000, that novel design didn’t provide enough voltage to compete with lithium-ion batteries, which are predominantly used in the marketplace. Magnesium is much more abundant and less costly than lithium, which would help further sustainable energy storage.
Now, the Waterloo team is one step closer to bringing magnesium batteries to reality, which could be more cost-friendly and sustainable than the lithium-ion versions currently available.
Linda Nazar, a professor in the Department of Chemistry and Canada Research Chair in Solid State Energy Materials, and Chang Li, a postdoctoral fellow in the Nazar Group, have designed an electrolyte that enables a highly-efficient magnesium anode. Li and Nazar collaborated with UC Berkeley and Sandia National Labs for this research.
Batteries have three main parts: a cathode (the positive side of the battery), an anode (the negative side of the battery), and a chemical solution known as an electrolyte that allows the flow of electrical charge between the cathode and anode.
Initial research on magnesium-based batteries generated one volt, less than what a standard AA battery operates at (1.5 volts). The electrolyte that Li and Nazar devised was found to operate at up to three volts with additional improvement expected to come with an even better cathode design.
“The electrolyte we developed allows us to deposit magnesium foils with extremely high efficiency and it is stable to a higher voltage than successfully tested before,” said Li. “All we need now is the right cathode to bring it all together.”
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