Moving prosthetics without implants using quantum sensors
A multidisciplinary consortium, QHMI in Stuttgart, Germany, is using quantum sensors to detect incredibly small and fast nerve signals required to control prosthetics non invasively.
To control prosthetics, nerve signals must be detected to move the artificial limb. Currently, implanting electrodes is the most common technique but this is invasive and electrodes can deteriorate or move position. In a completely new approach, ultrasensitive quantum magnetometers will be carried outside the body measuring the neural signals through the skin. At this stage, the scientists are using ultrafast digitizers (M5i.3357) and Arbitrary Waveform Generators (M4x.6631) from Spectrum Instrumentation to characterize the signals from the sensors and to finally design the required ASICs and Photonic Integrated Circuits (PICs).
A test PCB with custom integrated circuits and the quantum sensors. Copyright by University Stuttgart, Max Kovalenko.
At the heart of this technology is an optically detected, magnetic resonance (ODMR) device made of a tiny slice of diamond. The diamond is doped with so-called nitrogen-vacancy centers (NV centers), which have a net electron spin and, therefore, behave like tiny bar magnets. When green laser light is shone on them, they produce a red fluorescence signal. By applying a suitable microwave magnetic field, this fluorescence signal is very sensitive to external magnetic fields, which can be used to measure neural signals with utmost precision.
Checking the ASICs on the test PCB with a microscope. Copyright by University Stuttgart, Max Kovalenko.
The microwave magnetic fields required to control the NV center spins are generated using suitable coils driven by a microwave transmitter. The baseband signals for this transmitter are generated using an AWG to provide the required phase and amplitude modulation of the carrier signal that make the excitation signal more robust against experimental nonidealities. The resulting fluorescence signals, which carry the information of the neural magnetic fields, is then captured by a photodiode, amplified, filtered and digitized for advanced signal processing.
The quantum sensors or probes are currently matchbox-sized and, in the future, will be around one cubic centimeter and go to a control box that is roughly the size of a large matchbox that houses the processing electronics and the battery. The aim is to use microelectronic and photonic integration to shrink the control box further and extend the battery life to give a day of use before recharging. It is hoped that prosthetics will start becoming available in three to four years.
Spectrum’s cards were chosen by the team for several reasons. First, they have an extremely high dynamic range and good noise performance which is vital for such tiny signals detected by the quantum sensors. Second, they are very fast, so they can capture the fast signals associated with advanced pulsed excitation schemes, which can require bandwidth beyond 100 MHz. Third, they offered a great value in terms of performance and price. And lastly, the five-year warranty provides peace of mind that a critical component of the research is good for five years as it is almost impossible to obtain funding to replace a failed piece of equipment.
www.spectrum-instrumentation.com
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