PAM-4 analysis software for oscilloscope platforms
The N8836A PAM-4 analysis software (for S-Series, 90000A, V-Series, 90000 X- and Z-Series oscilloscopes) and the N1085A PAM-4 analysis software (for 86100D oscilloscopes) provide comprehensive characterization of electrical PAM-4 signals based on the Optical Internetworking Forum’s Common Electrical Interface (OIF-CEI 4.0) proposed 56G interfaces, and the emerging IEEE 400 Gigabit Ethernet (P802.3bs) standard.
“Our customers face new design and measurement challenges as they work to ensure their products are compliant with specifications that are incorporating PAM-4 signaling,” said Dave Cipriani, vice president and general manager of Keysight’s Oscilloscope and Protocol Division. “We’re working with industry leaders and standards organizations in these very early stages to help customers address these challenges and get to market quicker.”
The N8836A and N1085A PAM-4 measurement applications for S-Series, 90000A, V-Series, 90000 X- and Z-Series real-time oscilloscopes and 86100D DCA-X Series sampling oscilloscopes deliver measurements such as:
- Linearity and output voltage measurements including level separation mismatch ratio (RLM);
- Eye width (EW) and eye height (EH);
- Jitter measurements including even-odd jitter and clock random jitter;
- Differential and common mode return losses – performed using a Keysight time domain reflectometer (TDR) or vector network analyzer (VNA).
Multi-level signaling systems are particularly susceptible to noise, so Keysight’s V-Series, Z-Series and S-Series offer the industry’s lowest noise floors for wide-bandwidth, real-time oscilloscopes. For example, when using the 63 GHz Z-Series oscilloscope, designers can achieve accurate analysis of electrical PAM-4 signals to 32 GBaud and beyond. Additionally, engineers can perform offline analysis on stored PAM-4 signals using the N8900A Infiniium Offline oscilloscope analysis software installed on a PC.
The 86100D DCA-X combines low-noise, high-bandwidth receivers with an acquisition system that is particularly well suited for accurate characterization of PAM signals. The N1085A’s measurement capabilities are supported by a variety of DCA plug-in modules such as the 86108B 50-GHz precision waveform analyzer module, the N1045A 60-GHz module, or the N1055A 50-GHz TDR/TDT module. Engineers can use the N1045A and N1055A modules to analyze up to 16 PAM-4 channels simultaneously.
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