Pulse Amplitude Modulation (PAM-4) analysis on Keysight wideband ´scopes
PAM-4 is a type of multilevel signalling designed to increase the amount of data that can be sent across high-speed digital communication links. PAM-4 designs, for example, will likely enable the transition from 100 Gb to 400 Gb Ethernet speeds.
Keysight notes that industry groups and standards bodies are using, or actively considering using, PAM-4 technology to jump to the next-generation speed class and enable higher data rates for a given channel bandwidth compared to traditional non-return-to-zero (NRZ) signalling. While PAM-4 technology adapts some traditional NRZ measurement algorithms for PAM-4 signals, to fully analyse system performance, unique PAM-4 measurements and parameters are also required.
86100D-9FP PAM-N analysis software offers measurements such as:
– Eye width, eye height and eye skew
– Level amplitude, level noise and level skew
– Amplitude level linearity
The PAM-4 option may also be combined with existing DCA-X software options to provide more powerful analysis capability:
– PAM-4 equalisers (LFE, CTLE, DFE) using 86100D Option 201
– Embedding/de-embedding of PAM-4 channels using 86100D Option SIM InfiniiSim-DCA
– Jitter and amplitude analysis on IEEE JP03 patterns using 86100D Option 200/300
Multilevel signalling systems are particularly susceptible to noise, so the 86100D’s low-noise, wide-bandwidth plug-in modules are appropriate. 86100D Option 9FP PAM-N analysis capabilities are supported by all 86100D DCA-X plug-in modules, such as the 86108B precision waveform analyser module for accurate analysis of electrical signals to 32 Gbaud or the 86105D-281 for accurate analysis of high-speed optical signals. Engineers can perform offline analysis on saved or simulated PAM signals using N1010A Option 9TP PAM analysis software installed on a PC.
Keysight; www.keysight.com/find/86100D-9FP
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