Reliable semiconductor lasers for quantum technologies in space
The Ferdinand-Braun-Institut in Germany has developed space-qualified diode laser modules with narrow linewidths, optical frequency references and other compound semiconductor devices for satellite and quantum technology applications.
The demand for higher bandwidth links is driving the use of laser communication between satellites in low earth orbit, and is reported to be a key element of the second generation of SpaceX designs.
The Ferdinand-Braun-Institut, Leibniz-Institut für Höchst-frequenztechnik (FBH) is showing devices that cover the entire value chain from chip design and processing to modules and systems at the International Aerospace Exhibition (ILA) in Berlin later this month. FBH has been developing and manufacturing robust and compact diode laser modules for demanding space applications and the modules have already proven their capability several times in experiments under zero gravity conditions.
The institute is showing one of its 55 ultra-narrowband laser modules developed and currently manufactured for the BECCAL (Bose-Einstein Condensate – Cold Atom Laboratory) apparatus. From 2024, they are to be used in the research facility for quantum optical experiments with ultra-cold atoms on board the International Space Station ISS. Fundamental physics questions with quantum objects are to be investigated with high precision near the absolute temperature zero (-273.15 °C).
The core elements of these and previous diode laser modules are laser diodes developed by the FBH, which are assembled together with optics and other passive elements with maximum stability and precision.
The micro-integrated laser modules are based on the institute’s patented MiLas technology specially developed for use in space. The modules measure 125 x 75 x 23 mm³ and have a low mass of 750 g but provide output power of > 500 mW with a narrow intrinsic linewidth < 1 kHz. In parallel, FBH is already working on an even more compact option and is currently transferring the proven concept of the hybrid Extended Cavity Diode Laser (ECDL) to a single chip.
In close collaboration with Humboldt-Universität zu Berlin, such modules are also being built into compact quantum sensors and optical clocks for use in space and for industry-compatible system solutions in quantum technology. The collaborative Joint Lab presents a novel, fully autonomous frequency-stabilized laser source with integrated DFB laser diode based on the D2 transition in rubidium, operating at 780 nm.
Laser modules for satellites: from communications to climate protection
Developments also include pump laser sources used in laser communication terminals for optical data transmission (EDRS) and for satellite monitoring of the greenhouse gas methane (MERLIN). Each FBH module for MERLIN is equipped with two high-power laser half-bars providing 130 W of pulsed emission at 808 nm wavelength. Their reliability over the entire mission lifetime has been confirmed through independent testing. Newly developed DBR laser array modules offer both low noise and high reliability thanks to an integrated chip-level Bragg reflector. The modules have been qualified for more than 15 years of continuous operation. This makes them suitable as flight hardware, for example for pumping Nd:YAG lasers used for optical data communication.
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