US starts export controls on quantum technology
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The US Commerce Department’s Bureau of Industry and Security (BIS) has issued global controls on the shipment of quantum, 2nm semiconductor and 3D printing technologies.
The US interim final rule (IFR) implements controls on critical and emerging technologies that have reached broad technical agreement among international partners. This includes controls related to quantum computing and semiconductor manufacturing.
The controls strengthen the international relationships with like-minded countries and are intended to ensure that U.S. export controls keep pace with rapidly advancing technologies.
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The controls cover quantum computers, related equipment, components, materials, software, and technology that can be used in the development and maintenance of quantum computers as well as Gate All-Around Field-Effect Transistor (GAAFET) Technology for high-performance computing chips that can be used in supercomputers. This is proposed for 2nm process technologies and below.
The controls also cover additive manufacturing items for 3D printing of metal or metal alloy components.
“Today’s action ensures our national export controls keep step with rapidly evolving technologies and are more effective when we work in concert with international partners,” said Alan Estevez, Under Secretary for the Bureau of Industry and Security. “Aligning our controls on quantum and other advanced technologies makes it significantly more difficult for our adversaries to develop and deploy these technologies in ways that threaten our collective security.”
“The most effective way to protect our national security is to develop and coordinate our controls alongside like-minded partners, and today’s actions demonstrate our flexibility in how we craft such controls to achieve our national security objective,” said Assistant Secretary of Commerce for Export Administration Thea Rozman Kendler. “Not only are we adopting new emerging technology controls with this rule, we are also building increased agility into our system with a new license exception for trusted partners,” she said.
The US BIS says several like-minded countries have already announced or implemented new national controls for export of items under their jurisdiction related to quantum computing and advanced semiconductor manufacturing, and it anticipates other countries will implement similar controls soon.
This IFR establishes a new License Exception Implemented Export Controls (IEC) that covers equivalent national controls which would eliminate the need to submit license applications and boost the innovation opportunities among implementing countries.
The controls also cover the sharing or release of controlled technology or source code to a foreign person within the US and reexports to avoid disrupting the ongoing research and development of these critical and emerging technologies.
BIS has also added a general license for exports or reexports of certain technology and software, subject to annual reporting requirements. There is also a 60-day delayed compliance date for quantum items to certain destinations to allow for the submission of license applications and revisions to internal compliance procedures.
The US BIS has not specifically mentioned the countries covered by the controls, but cites its work on controls of shipments to Russia and Iran. However the more likely target for GAA FET technology and quantum computers is China.
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